![]() The second pharyngeal arch, also called the hyoid arch, gives rise to the lesser cornu of the hyoid and the upper part of the body of the hyoid. The apex of each horn gives attachment to the stylohyoid ligament the chondroglossus rises from the medial side of the base. The lesser horns are situated in the line of the transverse ridge on the body and appear to be continuations of it. They are connected to the body of the bone by fibrous tissue, and occasionally to the greater horns by distinct diarthrodial joints, which usually persist throughout life, but occasionally become ankylosed. The lesser horns are two small, conical eminences, attached by their bases to the angles of junction between the body and greater horns of the hyoid bone. To the medial border the thyrohyoid membrane is attached, while the anterior half of the lateral border gives insertion to the thyrohyoid muscle. The largest of muscles that attach to the upper surface of the greater horns are the hyoglossus and the middle pharyngeal constrictor, which extend along the whole length of the horns the digastric muscle and stylohyoid muscle have small insertions in front of these near the junction of the body with the horns. The upper surface of the greater horns are rough and close to its lateral border, and facilitates muscular attachment. The greater horns project backward from the outer borders of the body they are flattened from above downward and taper to their end, which is a bony tubercle connecting to the lateral thyrohyoid ligament. The greater and lesser horns ( Latin: cornua) are two sections of bone that project from each side of the hyoid. Horns The lesser and greater horns of the hyoid It also gives attachment to the Levator glandulae thyreoideae, when this muscle is present. ![]() Below, the body affords insertion medially to the sternohyoid and laterally to the omohyoid and occasionally a portion of the thyrohyoid.Above, the body is rounded, and gives attachment to the hyothyroid membrane and some aponeurotic fibers of the genioglossus.At the back, the smooth, concave, directed backward and downward, and separated from the epiglottis by the hyothyroid membrane and a quantity of loose areolar tissue a bursa intervenes between it and the hyothyroid membrane.Below the transverse ridge the mylohyoid, sternohyoid, and omohyoid are inserted.The anterior surface gives insertion to the geniohyoid muscle in the greater part of its extent both above and below the transverse ridge a portion of the origin of the hyoglossus notches the lateral margin of the geniohyoid attachment.The portion of the vertical ridge above the transverse line is present in a majority of specimens, but the lower portion is evident only in rare cases.It is crossed in its upper half by a well-marked transverse ridge with a slight downward convexity, and in many cases a vertical median ridge divides it into two lateral halves.At the front, the body is convex and directed forward and upward.The body of the hyoid bone is the central part of the hyoid bone. The hyoid bone is classed as an irregular bone and consists of a central part called the body, and two pairs of horns, the greater and lesser horns. Left: Position of hyoid bone (shown in red).
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